张应力对小鼠蝶枕软骨联合细胞增殖及低氧诱导因子- 1α表达的影响

目的:了解循环张应力对小鼠颅底蝶枕软骨联合细胞(SOSCs)增殖及低氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响。方法:采集1 d龄小鼠的SOSCs进行体外培养,对第三代细胞加载牵张形变率分别为3%、6%、9%,频率为1 Hz,持续时间为1 h的循环张应力;用流式细胞术测算细胞增殖指数,用蛋白免疫印迹技术分析Hif-1α的表达水平。用按相同条件培养但不加力的细胞作为对照。结果:各实验组细胞的增殖指数和Hif-1α相对表达量都高于对照组(P<0.05);其中,6%牵张形变率组的细胞增殖指数和Hif-1α相对表达量较对照组增加最多。结论:适宜强度的循环张应力对体外培养小鼠SOSCs的增殖和Hif-1α表达具有促进作用。     

Interactions between cancer cells and immune cells drive transitions to mesenchymal-like states in glioblastoma

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Tumor-induced erythroid precursor-differentiated myeloid cells mediate immunosuppression and curtail anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment efficacy

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A DNA vaccine expressing an optimized secreted FAPα induces enhanced anti-tumor activity by altering the tumor microenvironment in a murine model of breast cancer

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), major components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), promote tumor growth and metastasis and inhibit the anti-tumor immune response. We previously constructed a DNA vaccine expressing human FAPα, which is highly expressed by CAFs, to target these cells in the TME, and observed limited anti-tumor effects in the 4T1 breast cancer model. When the treatment time was delayed until tumor nodes formed, the anti-tumor effect of the vaccine completely disappeared. In this study, to improve the safety and efficacy, we constructed a new FAPα-targeted vaccine containing only the extracellular domain of human FAPα with a tissue plasminogen activator signal sequence for enhanced antigen secretion and immunogenicity. The number of CAFs was more effectively reduced by CD8⁺ T cells induced by the new vaccine. This resulted in decreases in CCL2 and CXCL12 expression, leading to a significant decrease in the ratio of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the TME. Moreover, when mice were treated after the establishment of tumors, the vaccine could still delay tumor growth. To facilitate the future application of the vaccine in clinical trials, we further optimized the gene codons and reduced the homology between the vaccine and the original sequence, which may be convenient for evaluating the vaccine distribution in the human body. These results indicated that the new FAPα-targeted vaccine expressing an optimized secreted human FAPα induced enhanced anti-tumor activity by reducing the number of FAPα⁺ CAFs and enhancing the recruitment of effector T cells in the 4T1 tumor model mice.     

miRNA调控实体肿瘤发生发展机制研究进展

microRNA（miRNA）是广泛存在于动物、植物、微生物体内，在转录后水平调控mRNA翻译和降解的内源性染色体编码的小分子RNA。研究证实miRNA对实体肿瘤细胞的发生、增殖、分化、侵袭及转移均具有重要意义。目前miRNA与肿瘤相关性的研究主要集中在检测实体肿瘤组织或体液中miRNA的表达量，明确其对于肿瘤发生、发展的意义；寻找具有临床意义的miRNA靶点，并通过调控其表达抑制肿瘤增殖与转移。miRNA检测方法的进步，也为临床检测miRNA提供了可能。本文对miRNA在实体肿瘤发生发展的作用及其调控机制、以及未来研究方向作综述。     

The role of transforming growth factor-beta in immune suppression and chronic inflammation of squamous cell carcinomas

Despite a decline in the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) over the past 20 years, their survival rate has remained nearly the same, indicating that treatment options have not improved relative to other cancer types. Immunotherapies have a high potential for a sustained effect in SCC patients, but their response rate is low. Here, we review the suppressive role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) on the antitumor immune response in SCC and present its potential as a therapeutic target in combination with the current range of immunotherapies available for SCC patients. We conclude that SCCs are an optimal cancer type to study the effectiveness of TGFβ inhibition due to the prevalence of dysregulated TGFβ signaling in them.     

旋覆代赭汤对反流性食管炎大鼠模型TLR4/NF-κB的影响

目的观察旋覆代赭汤对反流性食管炎(RE)模型大鼠食管黏膜与脂多糖(LPS)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核因子κB(NF-κB)表达的影响。方法将60只雄性Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组、模型组、旋覆代赭汤组(简称中药组,9.89 g/kg)、西药(奥美拉唑+莫沙比利,2.58 mg/kg)组,每组15只。除正常对照组外大鼠采用“4.2 mm幽门夹+2/3胃底结扎术”制备酸碱混合反流RE大鼠模型。术后第7天予相应药物干预,持续干预14天。利用光学显微镜观察大鼠食管下段黏膜组织形态学变化;应用ELISA法检测定外周血中LPS含量;采用Western Blot法与RT-PCR法检测食管黏膜组织中TLR4、NF-κB蛋白和基因表达。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠食管黏膜镜下损伤最为严重,食管黏膜呈炎性改变,可见急慢性炎细胞浸润,病理积分和外周血中LPS含量升高(P<0.05),食管组织中TLR4、NF-κB蛋白和基因表达升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,中药组、西药组病理积分和外周血中LPS含量降低(P<0.05),食管组织中TLR4、NF-κB蛋白和基因表达亦明显降低(P<0.05)。结论旋覆代赭汤能够减轻RE模型大鼠食管黏膜的损伤,抑制TLR4、NF-κB的表达,促进食管黏膜损伤的恢复。     

A prognostic signature based on immune-related genes for cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) is the fourth commonest female malignancy worldwide. CESC progresses in immune-microenvironment mainly composed of infiltrating immune and stromal cells. Here, we performed an integrated analysis incorporating the expression profiles from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and scores of immune and stromal cells calculated by Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumours using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm. A two-gene signature (CD1C and CD6 genes) was established to predict the prognosis of CESC. Based on this signature, patients were divided into the high- and low-risk groups, and this signature showed good prognostic performance according to the results of Kaplan-Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in train set and two validation sets. A nomogram was built for evaluating the clinical applicability of this signature. In addition, based on Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database, 2 hub genes showed negative correlations with tumor purity and positive correlations with infiltrating levels of immune filtrating cells. What’s more, we propose new treatment strategies for the two prognostic subtypes. Low- risk patients were found presenting with a higher level of immune checkpoint molecules and showing higher immunogenicity in immunophenoscore (IPS) analysis, which indicated a better response for immunotherapy. Meanwhile, estimated by Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database, the high-risk patients showed sensitive responses to five chemotherapy drugs. Finally, 10 candidate small-molecule drugs for CESC were defined. In summary, the CD1C-CD6 signature can accurately predict the prognosis of CESC.